Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify risk factors related to reproductive disorders caused by bacterial infections in goats in northeastern Thailand. Two hundred twenty farms were investigated, and 49 herds were found to have clinical reproductive disorders. Moreover, 96% (47/49) of herds showing clinical reproductive failure preferred to circulate bucks between herds. A total of 118 sera, including 85 clinical reproductive disorder cases such as abortion (n = 70), abortion with arthritis (n = 1), orchitis (n = 3), repeat breeder (n = 6), sterile (n = 1), and weak kids (n = 4), and 33 bucks' circulations were serologically tested for bacterial infections caused by Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydophila abortus, and Brucella spp. Results showed 69% (81/118 cases) were seropositive for Q fever (n = 55; 46.61%), brucellosis (n = 8; 6.78), and chlamydiosis (n = 18; 15.25%), respectively; 82% of herds (40/49 herds) were infected with at least one of those diseases. Moreover, 40% of infected herds (16/40) had coinfection among the three of those diseases. Approximately 60% (20/33) of buck circulation showed seropositivity to at least one of the diseases, and 85% of infected bucks were seropositive for Q fever (17/20). Buck circulation between herds is a risk factor for diseases on farms (p=0.001); odds ratio (OR = 109.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.61–1,807.38). Moreover, the annual brucellosis test is a protective factor against reproductive failure cases on farms (p=0.022; OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.23–0.89). Reproductive disorder cases can be caused by sexual transmission, so buck circulation can yield Q fever, brucellosis, and chlamydiosis in communities. This investigation is the first report of chlamydiosis infection in our area. Concerning Q fever, chlamydiosis, and brucellosis are zoonotic diseases that impact animal health and production losses. Control and prevention measures related to risk factors together with active surveillance programs should be incorporated into client education.
Highlights
Bacterial infection-induced reproductive disorders, such as brucellosis, Q fever, enzootic abortion, caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), listeriosis, campylobacteriosis, leptospirosis, salmonellosis can be found in Caprinae [1]
4,810 goats in 220 herds were tested for brucellosis by serological testing conducted by the Academic Service of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Q-fever presents with clinical signs Brucellosis presents with clinical signs Brucellosis and Chlamydiosis present with clinical signs Brucellosis, Chlamydiosis, and Q-fever present with clinical signs Sero-positive Brucellosis without clinical signs Brucellosis and Q-fever with clinical signs Chlamydiosis presents with clinical signs Chlamydiosis and Q-fever present with clinical signs Farms don’t have any clinical signs Farms present clinical signs but not found sero-positive any disease Figure 1: Distribution of clinical cases of brucellosis, chlamydiosis, and Q fever infection in smallholder meat goat herds in northeastern ailand
Summary
Bacterial infection-induced reproductive disorders, such as brucellosis, Q fever, enzootic abortion (chlamydiosis), caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), listeriosis, campylobacteriosis, leptospirosis, salmonellosis can be found in Caprinae [1]. As for clinical signs, does and nannies show abortions in the first trisemester, stillbirths, a retained placenta, endometritis, infertility, weak kids, and repeat breeding [2]. 0.1376 0.0010 0.2572 0.2362 0.2241 0.6488 0.0222 0.7114 0.6998 0.0977 show signs of reproductive failure, including abortion, miscarriage, stillbirths, and weak kids. Pregnant goats show placentitis and abortion in the second to third semesters or premature births, weak kids, a retained placenta, mastitis, metritis, repeat breeding, or infertility. Infected herds face economic losses due to the clinical signs of infection, such as abortion, infertility, still births, miscarriage in does, and sterile orchitis in bucks, which can reduce productivity. The risk factors associated with seropositivity in these infectious diseases are necessary for prevention and control measures due to their being zoonotic diseases
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