Clinical evaluation of ‘local contrast enhancement’ for oral fluorescein angiograms

Abstract

To describe and assess the clinical impact of 'local contrast enhancement' on oral fluorescein angiograms. Oral fluorescein angiograms (OFA) were performed on 12 patients with a range of diabetic retinopathy. The digital images were processed using two enhancement techniques: histogram equalization, a widely available method; and 'local contrast enhancement'. Twelve control images and 24 enhanced images were randomised and subjectively graded for clarity between 1 and 100 on a visual analogue scale by two masked observers. A score of 50% was chosen as the cut-off for clinically useful images. The mean score for the unenhanced images was 38.8% (SD 19.4); the histogram equalization performed better at 54.7% (SD 10.0) (p = 0.016) and 'local contrast enhancement' at 69.4% (SD 13.6) (p < 0.001). These results equate to a 14.7% improvement in comparison with histogram equalization and a 30.3% improvement with the 'local contrast enhancement' technique. All the 'local contrast enhancement' images were clinically useful, compared with 58.3% of the histogram equalization images (chi 2 2.08, p = 0.2), and 33.3% of the control images (chi 2 = 6.75, p = 0.01). This pilot study has demonstrated the power of 'local contrast enhancement' techniques for low-contrast fluorescein angiograms. Using 'local contrast enhancement' oral fluorescein angiograms can give high-quality images and may allow safer patient investigation.