Abstract
Urine bags are commonly used to collect urine samples from neonates. However, the sample can be contaminated by stool, or detachment of the bag due to body movement can lead to failure of the collection. A qualitative urine collection kit containing ten filter papers of 3.2 mm diameter was developed and clinically verified among 138 neonates. During a single diaper change (approximately 3 h), the rate of urine collection was calculated. Urine collection was considered to be successful if any filter paper in the urine collection sheet turned from blue to white. Of the 127 neonates who passed urine, 122 had a change in the filter paper. The urine collection rate was 96%, with changes in all 10 filter papers observed in 98 neonates (80%). Urine collection rate was not influenced by sex (p = 1.00), age at collection (p = 0.72), preterm birth (p = 1.00), low birth weight (p = 0.92), or fecal contamination (p = 1.00). The incidence of dermatitis was not higher than in the group in which urine bags were used (urine collection kit: 2/68 [3%]; urine bag: 5/68 [7%]; p = 0.44). Novel urine collection kits using filter paper can collect samples from neonates safely and with a high probability of success.
Highlights
Urine provides important biological information for disease screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of the disease status
This study showed that the urine collection rate with the novel urine collection kit using urine filter papers was high (96%)
Examples of clinical applications that we considered are as follows: semi-quantitative measurements of urinary creatine and creatinine for cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome [7]; the semi-quantitative measurement of urinary β2-microglobulin for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract [8,9]; mutation analyses of type VI collagen and the α5 gene for Alport syndrome using genomic DNA isolated from urinary sediments [10]; and detection of urinary cytomegalovirus DNA for congenital cytomegalovirus infection because it can be a diagnosis of the detection of urinary cytomegalovirus DNA in neonates ≤3 weeks of age [11,12]
Summary
Urine provides important biological information for disease screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of the disease status. The methods for pediatric urine collection include clean-catch midstream urine, transurethral catheter insertion, suprapubic fine-needle aspiration, napkins, and urine bags [1,2,3]. There is a successful technique based on bladder stimulation and lumbar paravertebral massage maneuvers for collecting midstream clean-catch urine in newborns [4], midstream urine collection has not reached a general practice in neonates or infants as yet. Transurethral catheterization and suprapubic fine-needle aspiration are highly invasive procedures for pediatric patients. In clinical practice, urine bags are often used to collect urine samples from neonates. This method has drawbacks such as contamination with stool and detachment of the bag due to body movements. Dermatitis occasionally occurs with the use of tape fixation, 4.0/)
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