Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosed in men. Elevated serum PSA levels (>4.0 ng/mL) detection is commonly used as a threshold for recommending the tissue biopsy. However, PSA serum levels are not adequate to correctly localize and stage PCa, and to determine its volume and aggressiveness. Therefore, there is a need for healthcare specialists to base the therapeutic decisions on new biomarkers and advanced imaging findings. SelectMDx is a novel non-invasive urine-based assay that measures the expression of two mRNA cancer-related biomarkers (HOXC6 and DLX1) combined with traditional clinical risk factors. Validation studies evidenced the higher precision of SelectMDx urine test to predict PCa. Combining the assay with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can improve PCa diagnosis and therefore the treatment. Compared to traditional diagnosis strategy, the use of the SelectMDx test in men with elevated PSA levels may lead to a reduction in overdiagnosis and overtreatment. SelectMDx has to be tested in larger and heterogeneous populations in diverse clinical settings to further assess its clinical validity and utility.
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