Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global public health problem affecting nearly 25.9% of the world population characterised by a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and low HDL-cholesterol. In recent years, marine organisms, especially seaweeds, have been highlighted as potential natural sources of bioactive compounds and useful metabolites, with many biological and physiological activities to be used in functional foods or in human nutraceuticals for the management of MetS and related disorders. Of the three groups of seaweeds, brown seaweeds are known to contain more bioactive components than either red and green seaweeds. Among the different brown seaweed species, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus have the highest antioxidant values and highest total phenolic content. However, the evidence base relies mainly on cell line and small animal models, with few studies to date involving humans. This review intends to provide an overview of the potential of brown seaweed extracts Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus for the management and prevention of MetS and related conditions, based on the available evidence obtained from clinical trials.
Highlights
Received: 8 January 2021Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that include conditions such as abdominal obesity, increased blood pressure (BP), increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG), increased triglycerides (TG) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) that lead to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and all-cause mortality [1,2]
Consumption of seaweed was significantly associated with a 12.1% reduction in the insulin incremental area under the curve and a 7.9%
Microbiota composition in high-fat diet mice supplemented with dietary fucoidan for sixteen weeks from A. nodosum showed an increase in the relative abundance of SCFAs producing bacteria including Akkermansia, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides and Clostridiales vadin BB60 and attenuated metabolic syndrome that is induced by high fat diet through reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, hepatic steatosis, systematic inflammation and reduced insulin resistance [90]
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that include conditions such as abdominal obesity, increased blood pressure (BP), increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG), increased triglycerides (TG) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) that lead to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and all-cause mortality [1,2]. Ascophyllum nodosum (A. nodosum) are the most studied species with the highest antioxiThus, this review intends to provide an overview of the potential of brown seaweed dant values and highest total phenolic content (TPC) along with the greatest DPPH (2,2extracts A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus for the management and prevention of MetS and diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging activities [46,47,48]. Owing to the small number of eligible papers, trials both with and nodosumdietary or Fucus vesiculosus; or in combination), anthropometric without restriction were included in spite(3)ofincluded the potential for weightparameters, change to inflammatory markers, glucose, insulin, blood lipids and energy intake as an outcome and influence results and there was no limit placed on follow-up or study duration.
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