Abstract
BackgroundAnimal acariasis is one of the important veterinary skin diseases. Chemical drugs have been widely used to treat and control this kind of disease. But many chemicals control could increase resistance in target species, toxicity and environmental hazards. We found that the 9-oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox A) extracted from E. adenophorum has strong toxicity against P. cuniculi in vitro, but the in vivo acaricidal actions of euptox A have yet to be investigated.ResultsA 14-day experiment was performed using rabbits that were naturally infested with P. cuniculi on a farm. Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups; animals in groups A, B and C were treated in each ear topically with 4.0 ml of 2.0 and 1.0 g/L (w/v) euptox A, respectively. Animals in groups D and E were treated with ivermectin (by injection; positive controls) and glycerol with water only (by embrocation; negative controls), respectively. Each rabbit was treated twice with separate treatments on days 0 and 7. Rabbits were observed daily and detailed examinations were performed on days 0, 7 and 14, to inspect the presence or absence of mites and scabs/crusts. Seven days after the initial treatment, the mean clinical scores (presence of scabs/crusts) decreased from 3.48, 3.37, 3.43 and 3.45 to 0.37, 0.42, 0.78 and 0.38 in the ears of animals in groups A, B , C and D, respectively, which were similar to the observations recorded in the positive control rabbits. However, the clinical score for negative control rabbits did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) during the experiment, and this changed from 3.32 to 3.37 in the ears, and there were no significant differences in clinical efficacy between left and right ears. After two treatments (0 and 7 d), the rabbits in groups A, B, C and D had recovered completely 14 days after the last treatment and no recurrences of infection were observed.ConclusionsThese results indicate that euptox A was potent compounds for the effective control of animal P. cuniculi in vivo.
Highlights
Animal acariasis is one of the important veterinary skin diseases
The rabbits in group A-C with 4, 2 and 1 mg/ml of euptox A displayed improved clinical signs during the experiment, redness and inflammation were found in parts of the ear canals (Figure 1A2,B2 and C2)
After determining that there was no new crust formation after day 7, and that there were no mites on otoscopic examination, we treated scabs topically with the relevant euptox A (A, B and C groups) or ivermectin (D group)
Summary
Animal acariasis is one of the important veterinary skin diseases. Chemical drugs have been widely used to treat and control this kind of disease. We found that the 9-oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox A) extracted from E. adenophorum has strong toxicity against P. cuniculi in vitro, but the in vivo acaricidal actions of euptox A have yet to be investigated. An important veterinary diseases, may reduce the productivity and the quality of animal products, even lead to death [1]. Chemical drugs are widely used to treat and control the psoroptes and sarcoptic mange in veterinary clinic, and obtained the relative good treatment effectiveness, including ivermectin, and abamectin, etc. The acetone extract of E. adenophorum had strong toxicity against Cabbage aphids and Brevicoryne brassicae [11]
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