Abstract
Subcutaneous immunotherapy is the only treatment that improves the natural progression of allergic rhinitis and maintains long-term outcomes after discontinuation of the drug. Metabolomics is increasingly applied in the study of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis. However, little is known about the discovery of metabolites that can evaluate clinical efficacy and possible mechanisms of Artemisia sieversiana pollen subcutaneous immunotherapy. Thirty-three patients with Artemisia sieversiana pollen allergic rhinitis significantly improved after 1-year subcutaneous immunotherapy treatment, while ten patients were ineffective. Pre- and post-treatment serum samples from these patients were analyzed by metabolomics based on the combined detection of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result, L-Tyrosine can be a potential biomarker because of its opposite trend in effective patients and ineffective patients. And mechanism of immunotherapy may be closely related to NO and nitric oxide synthase. The discovery of potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways has contributed to the in-depth study of mechanisms of subcutaneous immunotherapy treatment of Artemisia sieversiana pollen allergic rhinitis.
Highlights
Allergic rhinitis is a type I allergic disease of the nasal mucosa, characterized by paroxysmal repetitive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, and nasal blockage (Okubo et al, 2017)
The results of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were identified with metabolomics database
Metabolites were identified by querying public metabolomics databases, such as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and HMDB4
Summary
Allergic rhinitis is a type I allergic disease of the nasal mucosa, characterized by paroxysmal repetitive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, and nasal blockage (Okubo et al, 2017). Allergic rhinitis affects all age groups, increasing in prevalence globally (Wang et al, 2016). Recent studies showed that allergic rhinitis was thought to affect up to 10–40% of the worldwide population. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the United States was 19.9% (Wallace and Dykewicz, 2017), while that in adults in Europe ranged from 17 to 28.5% (Brozek et al, 2017; Zheng et al, 2018). The results of a latest meta-analysis indicated that the incidences of allergic rhinitis were 15.79% in Chinese children and 13.26% in Chinese adult
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