Clinical effects of combined treatment by optimal dose of furosemide and spironolactone on diastolic heart failure in elderly patients.

Abstract

Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is characterized by symptoms including reduced ventricular relaxation and compliance, resulting in congestion of pulmonary and systemic circulation. The curative effects of regular cardiac agents are ineffective. Thus, new agents are required to treat chronic cardiac failure. The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical effects of the combined treatment by optimal dose of furosemide (20 mg/day) and spironolactone (40 mg/day) on elderly patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF) [New York Heart Association (NYHA) 1–2 grade]. A total of 93 patients diagnosed with DHF between February, 2013 and February, 2014 were enrolled in the present study. The patients were randomly divided into the furosemide group (20 mg/day, n=27), optimal dose group (20 mg/day furosemide+40 mg/day spirolactone, n=36), and large dose group (40 mg/day furosemide+100 mg/day spirolactone, n=30). Following treatment for one month, a comparison and analysis of the NYHA class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular wall segmental motion among the three groups were performed. The re-hospitalization rate of heart failure and incidence of electrolyte disorder among the three groups was compared and their differences analysed. Compared with pretreatment, the NYHA classifications of the three groups after treatment were reduced and differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). By contrast, for the NYHA classification after treatment there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with pretreatment, LVEF of the optimal dose group increased, LVEDD decreased, and the average systolic myocardial peak velocity and early diastolic myocardial peak velocity of ventricular wall motion were reduced, with differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). By contrast, in the furosemide and large dose groups no statistical significance was identified before and after the treatment (P>0.05). Improvement of the optimal dose group following treatment was more significant than the remaining two groups, and differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The re-hospitalization rate of heart failure and incidence of electrolyte disorder in the optimal dose group following treatment were significantly less than the other two groups, and differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal dose (20 mg/day furosemide+40 mg/day spirolactone) significantly improved the clinical symptoms of elderly DHF patients (NYHA 1–2 grade) and ameliorated their long-term prognosis.