Abstract

Parathyroid pathology is usually manifested clinically as hyperparathyroidism (HPT), resulting from parathormone (PTH) excess. PTH is the chief hormone product of the parathyroid glands and can be overproduced in several complexly interrelated settings, termed primary (PHPT), secondary (SHPT), and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT). PHPT can arise sporadically or from inherited syndromes that include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), isolated familial hyperparathyroidism (FHPT), and familial hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (FHJT). SHPT is secondary to hypocalcemia, renal insufficiency, and/or severe vitamin D deficiency. THPT by definition occurs with a history of renal failure and long-standing SHPT.

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