Clinical Dental Care Epidemiology, Prevalence, Symptoms and Routes of Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19: A Systematic Review of Literature and Meta-Analysis

Ali Amiri,Pantea Moradinejad,Sara Jafarizadeh,Zahra Sadat Tabatabaei Jebeli

doi:10.1590/pboci.2021.079

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological evidence, symptoms, and transmission routes of Coronavirus Disease 19 for clinical dental care. Material and Methods: PubMed, Embase, ISI, Scopus, Medicine have been used to search for articles until October 2020. Therefore, EndNote X9 was used to manage electronic resources. A 95% confidence interval (CI) effect size, random effect model, and the REML method were evaluated. Forty-one articles were found. In the first step of selecting studies, 40 studies were selected to review the abstracts. Finally, six studies were selected. Results: The effect size of symptoms of COVID-19 was fever: 92% (ES = 0.92, 95% CI 0.79-1.06), cough: 73% (ES = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.88), headache: 8% (ES = 0.8, 95% CI 0.06-0.22), myalgia 13% (ES = 0.13, 95% CI 0.01-0.27) and nasal congestion 22% (ES = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.39). The following recommendations are appropriate during COVID-19 for dental emergency management: personal protective equipment and hand cleanliness practices, personal protective equipment (PPE), preprocedural mouth rinse, single-use (disposable), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and periapical (PA) radiography, Rubber dam, sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation, disinfect inanimate surfaces, ultrasonic scaling instruments and airborne infection isolation. Conclusion: Fever should be used as the first sign in the diagnosis; dentists should measure the fever of all patients at the time of arrival and before any procedure and then ask about other symptoms.

Highlights

The effect size of symptoms of COVID-19 was fever: 92% (ES = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-1.06), cough: 73% (ES = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.88), headache: 8% (ES = 0.8, 95% CI 0.06-0.22), myalgia 13% (ES = 0.13, 95% CI 0.01-0.27) and nasal congestion 22% (ES = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.39)
The following recommendations are appropriate during COVID-19 for dental emergency management: personal protective equipment and hand cleanliness practices, personal protective equipment (PPE), preprocedural mouth rinse, single-use, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and periapical (PA) radiography, Rubber dam, sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation, disinfect inanimate surfaces, ultrasonic scaling instruments and airborne infection isolation
Since the development of the novel 2019 coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has rapidly advanced into a public health crisis and spread to several other countries [1]

Summary

Introduction

Since the development of the novel 2019 coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has rapidly advanced into a public health crisis and spread to several other countries [1]. Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) [2] was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020. The previously temporarily named 2019-nCoV has been renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2 [3] by the international committee on virus taxonomy. The 2019-nCoV has affected more than 43,150,456 reported cases, according to a new report from the University of Johns Hopkins (JHU) center for science and engineering in systems (CSSE) (October 26, 2020) (Figure). Screenshot of global COVID-19 statistics by the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). Screenshot of global COVID-19 statistics by the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

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