Abstract
We investigated association between epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and clinical outcomes in Korea. This nationwide retrospective cohort study included 5621 discharged patients with COVID-19, extracted from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) database. We compared clinical data between survivors (n = 5387) and non-survivors (n = 234). We used logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards model to explore risk factors of death and fatal adverse outcomes. Increased odds ratio (OR) of mortality occurred with age (≥ 60 years) [OR 11.685, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.655–34.150, p < 0.001], isolation period, dyspnoea, altered mentality, diabetes, malignancy, dementia, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The multivariable regression equation including all potential variables predicted mortality (AUC = 0.979, 95% CI 0.964–0.993). Cox proportional hazards model showed increasing hazard ratio (HR) of mortality with dementia (HR 6.376, 95% CI 3.736–10.802, p < 0.001), ICU admission (HR 4.233, 95% CI 2.661–6.734, p < 0.001), age ≥ 60 years (HR 3.530, 95% CI 1.664–7.485, p = 0.001), malignancy (HR 3.054, 95% CI 1.494–6.245, p = 0.002), and dyspnoea (HR 1.823, 95% CI 1.125–2.954, p = 0.015). Presence of dementia, ICU admission, age ≥ 60 years, malignancy, and dyspnoea could help clinicians identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis.
Highlights
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has become a major global health problem
A total of 5628 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were recorded in the KDCA registry during the study period
Comorbidities were present in nearly half of the patients, including hypertension (21.3%), diabetes (12.3%), dementia (4.0%), chronic cardiac disease (3.2%), and malignancy (2.5%)
Summary
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has become a major global health problem. Some cohort studies have described potential predictors of mortality and poor clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-198–10. Some large cohort studies including nationwide data (United Kingdoms, Germany and France, respectively) reported the clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes among COVID-19 p atients[11,12,13]. This nationwide COVID-19 evidence has emerged, there are still controversies about risk factors of mortality and poor clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients. By using the data collected by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), we presented details of all patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and a definite clinical outcome We aimed to explore the risk factors of mortality and fatal adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients in Korea
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