Clinical Correlation of Metabolic Syndrome in Indian Type-2 Diabetics Patients with Their Socioeconomic Status under Different Age Group

Manoj Kumar Upadhyay

doi:10.13189/adm.2013.010301

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a complex condition in which numerous aspects of normal metabolism are perturbed. The syndrome represents a cluster of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease i.e. obesity, insulin resistance / hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance / diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The syndrome is also described by a procoagulant state that is attributed, in part, to an elevation in circulating lipoprotein, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor one levels. This in turn contributes to the metabolic abnormalities that lead to cardiovascular disease. Several hypothesis have been proposed for the etiology of the metabolic syndrome, and the potential role of insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and other disturbances as major contributing factors. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are predictors of type 2 diabetes and are key factors in the development of the metabolic syndrome. A survey was conducted to study the clinical correlation of metabolic syndrome in Indian type -2 diabetic patients with their socioeconomic status (high income group, middle income group & low income group) under different age group (upper age group, middle age group & low income group) in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Four hundred five type 2 diabetic patients aged 52 ±17 year including 215 (53.09%) males and 190 ( 46.91%) females were surveyed for this purpose. Of these hypertension & diabetics were simultaneously diagnosed in 196 (48.39%) & 152 (37.53%) patients. Family history of these patients showed the occurrence of diabetes , hypertension & concurrent hypertension with diabetes mellitus in about 59 (14.0%), 56 (13.8%) & 77 (19.1%) respectively. The frequencies of individual component of the metabolic syndrome were as follows: dyslipidemia - 68.4%, systemic hypertension - 54.3% , obesity - 42.5% microalbuminuria - 44.9% & hyperuracemia 58.3% . Ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction) occurs in - 2.4%. Of these 405 diabetic studies, 278(68.2%) had metabolic syndrome victims occurs in the high income group & the low income group.

Highlights

The metabolic syndrome is a convoluted condition in which several aspects of normal metabolism are perturbed
The syndrome represents a clustering of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease i.e. obesity, insulin resistance / hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance / diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension [1]
Metabolic syndrome in High income group was estimated 36%, of the total patient population; Age group wise estimation shows that 7.6% was 35 to years old, 16.7% in to year age group & 11.7% was in to above age group

Summary

Introduction

The metabolic syndrome is a convoluted condition in which several aspects of normal metabolism are perturbed. The syndrome represents a clustering of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease i.e. obesity, insulin resistance / hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance / diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension [1]. The syndrome is characterized by a procoagulant state that is attributed, in part, to an elevation in circulating lipoprotein, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor one levels [2]. This in turn contributes to the metabolic abnormalities that lead to cardiovascular disease [3]. Hyperinsulinemia [4,5] and insulin resistance are predictors of Type 2 diabetes and are key factors in the development of the Metabolic Syndrome. In 1998 WHO was the 1st to publish an International accepted definition for Metabolic Syndrome on the basis of the third report of the national cholesterol education program expert

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Results

Conclusion