Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Epidemiological data in India shows an upward trend in the prevalence, with 32 million people suffering from DM in the year 2000 to 79 million in the year 2010 thus making India (1,2) the 'Diabetic Capital of the World.' DM is classied on the basis of pathogenic process into two broad categories- Type 1 and type 2 DM. Autoimmunity against insulin-producing beta cells causes type 1 DM results in total or near-total insulin insufciency, while type 2 DM is a diverse collection of diseases marked by varying degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased hepatic glucose production. Over time, if poorly controlled, DM can affect multiple organ systems and is responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Diabetes related complications affect generalized macrovasculature and microvasculature of various vital systems leading to retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.
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