Clinical concept of pathological gait analysis

Abstract

Conceptual approach to pathological gait analysis requires special equipment and is insufficiently elaborated. Suggested approach divides the pathological gait symptoms into nonspecific (walking slowing-down) and pathognomic ones. The levels of motion pathology compensation are distinguished: ipsilateral level - compensatory mechanisms affect the structures of the injured limb only, bilateral interaction level - compensatory processes affect healthy and injured limbs. Several main rules are formulated. Redistribution of functions - healthy limb performs mainly the weight bearing function, while injured limb performs mainly the transfer function; functional imitation - healthy limb imitates the function of the injured one to decrease the functional asymmetry; provision with optimum - to change the healthy limb function so that to approach the walking close to norm. Balance of lower extremities motion takes place at the level of pelvic and lumbar spine but the trunk remains relatively stable. Terminal balance at walking is performed at the level of trunk and upper extremities motion. If the balance is impossible the crutches and sticks are used - level of additional support. Impossibility to walk results in the use of other types of locomotion or other additional mechanical devices - level of locomotion different from walking.