Clinical Complications of Iron Overload in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: a literature review

Luiz Gustavo Carvalho,Andressa Hellen De Morais Batista,Isabelle Cerqueira Sousa

doi:10.52600/2763-583x.bjcr.2021.1.2.83-92

Luiz Gustavo Carvalho, Andressa Hellen De Morais Batista + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.52600/2763-583x.bjcr.2021.1.2.83-92

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Abstract

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic disorders characterized by bone marrow involvement. Iron overload is the result of multiple transfusions and high levels of apoptosis. Based on a literature review, ferritin was identified as an important marker of iron accumulation in organs such as liver, heart and pancreas in patients with MDS. Some studies also demonstrated that iron overload caused cell cycle arrest causing apoptosis and progression to leukemia, high levels of reactive oxygen species and low levels of HIF-1a, causing apoptosis, being related to the presence of cytopenia in MDS.

Highlights

IntroductionSyndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic disorders characterized by compromised bone marrow function, ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias and increased risk of progression to
MyelodysplasticSyndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic disorders characterized by compromised bone marrow function, ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias and increased risk of progression toAcute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Anemia is a predictive factor for iron overload in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), being the most common cytopenia in the disease, being associated with the need for transfusions in low-risk patients, corroborating with the accumulation of iron [6]

Summary

Introduction

Syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic disorders characterized by compromised bone marrow function, ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias and increased risk of progression to. It is a disease that predominantly affects the elderly, it can occur at any age [1,2]. MDS can be primary, that is, when it appears without a defined etiology, affecting mainly individuals over 60 years of age, or secondary with the appearance after exposure to chemotherapy agents, radiotherapy agents or autologous transplants [3]. According to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification for hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors, the categorization of MDS is based on the assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow morphology, in addition to cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Its categories include MDS with single-lineage dysplasia, MDS with ringed sideroblasts, MDS with multilineage dysplasia, SMD with excess blasts, MDS with isolated del (5q), and unclassifiable SMD [4].

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