Clinical characteristics, treatments and curative effects of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Abstract

Objective To investigate the clinical features, treatments, and prognoses of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 90 patients with CVST, admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to December 2016, was performed. Comprehensive analysis of gender, age, risk factors, clinical manifestations, lesion locations, treatments and prognoses was performed. According to selection of clinical treatment options for patients with anticoagulant therapy, these patients were divided into four groups: anti-infection treatment combined with anticoagulant therapy group (n=7), anticoagulant therapy group (n=61), stent thrombectomy combined with anticoagulant therapy group (n=4), and stent thrombectomy combined with local thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy group (n=18). Results These 90 patients (41 males and 49 females) ranged from 4 to 75 years old. Of these patients, 7 were related to infections, 27 were related to abnormal blood constituents, 16 were related to pregnancy and puerperium, and 6 were related to oral contraceptive. The most common clinical manifestation was headache (n=69, 76.70%), followed by epilepsy (n=37, 41.11%) and conscious disturbance (n=25, 27.78%), and all symptoms could occur isolatedly or simultaneously. The superior sagittal sinus (n=68) and transverse sinus (n=56) appeared to be the most frequent lesion sites. Four patients (57.14%) from antiinfection treatment combined with anticoagulant therapy group, 43 patients (70.49%) from anticoagulant treatment group, 3 (75%) from stent thrombectomy combined with anticoagulant therapy group, and 15 patients (83.33%) from stent thrombectomy combined with local thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy group enjoyed significant curative effects. Conclusions The causes of CVST are various, most of which are non-infective; patients with abnormal blood components and women of childbearing age are of high incidence. The clinical manifestations of CVST are complicated and non-specific. The 4 therapeutic methods can improve clinical symptoms effectively; however, anticoagulant therapy is mainly used for patients with mild symptoms; and stent thrombectomy combined with local thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy can be used for patients with severe CVST, enjoying effective treatment efficacy. Key words: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; Clinical feature; Treatment method; Efficacy