Clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism screened from Chinese patients with hypertension: The China primary aldosteronism prospective study.

Abstract

We investigated the clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism (PA) screened from patients with hypertension in China. The participants were hypertensive patients who were suspected of PA and registered in the China Primary Aldosteronism Prospective Study. Plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) was used as the screening test. In patients screened positive for PA, that is, an ARR exceeding the thresholds and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC)>100 pg/mL, a confirmatory test was performed for diagnosis. Patients with PA underwent a CT scan and adrenal venous sampling for subtyping. Of the 1497 screened patients, 754 (50.4%) had an ARR exceeding the diagnostic threshold and 637 (84.5% of those eligible) were registered. These registered hypertensive patients with suspected PA had a mean (standard deviation) age of 52.6±12.1 years, and included 442 (58.6%) women. In multiple stepwise logistic regression, the significant odds ratios for the presence of diagnosed (n=490) versus suspected and non-diagnosed PA (n=147) were 4.54 (95% CI: 2.78-7.39) for a history of hypokalemia, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.98) for a 0.9mmol/l higher serum total cholesterol, and 2.25 (95% CI: 1.63-3.10) for a doubling of PAC in the supine or standing/sitting position. In multiple stepwise logistic regression, the significant odds ratios for the presence of unilateral (n=135) versus bilateral PA (n=53) were 3.04 (95% CI: 1.90-4.87) for a 0.4mmol/l lower minimum serum potassium concentration and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.20-2.86) for a 0.3mmol/l higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PA might be a biochemical continuum in the adrenal hypersecretion of aldosterone as well as hypokalemia.