Clinical characteristics of postmenopausal women with endometrial polyps

Abstract

Introduction. The issues of rise in incidence and malignant transformation of endometrial pathology along with elevating proportion of postmenopausal women in global population remain relevant.Aim: to evaluate clinical and laboratory data of postmenopausal patients with endometrial polyp.Materials and Methods. There were enrolled 156 cases of morphologically verified endometrial polyp; the age of the study patients averaged 61.39 ± 7.78 years. Clinical and laboratory data of the obstetric and gynecological history were analyzed; the somatic history was assessed (cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease). Analysis of laboratory data was performed: complete blood count (CBC), general urinalysis, biochemical parameters – level of cholesterol (Cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), asparagine aminotransferase (ASAT), tumor marker CA-125. Statistical processing of the results was carried out.Results. Endometrial polyps were found by 17% more frequently in patients with late postmenopausal age, which were more (95.5%) prevalent in subjects without history of impaired fertility. Moreover, they also had a high rate (84.6%) of medical abortions and use of intrauterine contraceptives (every second patient). In the vast majority of cases (1/3), the patients had a history of inflammatory diseases of the uterus and uterine appendages, whereas before surgery they had in 37.2% vaginal inflammation requiring sanitation. According to the clinical course, the endometrial polyp manifested equally in early and late post-menopause, with a predominance of spotting (27.5%) and complaints of pain (24.4%). A high frequency of relapses after polypectomy was revealed so that every third patient had already undergone relevant surgery. A high incidence of arterial hypertension (71.6%), fat metabolism disorders (82.1%) were revealed in both early and late postmenopausal patients, while fat metabolism disorders were associated with the symptomatic course of endometrial polyps.Conclusion. The study results showed a statistically significant relationship between the endometrial polyp formation in postmenopausal patients and detected inflammatory pathology of the pelvic organs, diseases of the cardiovascular system and fat metabolism disorders. Further studies are necessary to verify importance of the identified factors as clinical prognostic factors.