Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and the main nursing diagnoses

Laurindo Pereira De Souza,Marcia Guerino De Lima,Cidia Vasconcellos,Rafael Ayres Romanholo

doi:10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.38509

Abstract

AIMS: to present a reflection on the clinic of patients infected by COVID-19 and to propose the main nursing diagnoses based on International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP©). METHOD: this is a reflection study, in which the selection criteria used were articles indexed in the MEDLINE, LILACS and BDENF databases published between December 2019 and April 2020, in English and Portuguese. RESULTS: 10 scientific articles were part of the study, which made it possible to know the symptomatologic profile of the disease, with emphasis on the classic triad of COVID-19, which is cough, shortness of breath and fever. It revealed that the basic human need most affected in this patient profile is oxygenation in view of hypoxemia being the main complication, for which the clinical outcome was negative, especially in elderly patients. CONCLUSION: there was a shortage and studies related to nursing in the face of this pandemic, but it was possible to conclude that ICNP© is one of the taxonomies that can be used to implement nursing diagnoses and intervention, the most frequent nursing diagnoses are related to the basic human and social need for oxygenation and vascular regulation.

Highlights

In December 2019, the first serious cases of pneumonia of unknown origin appeared in Wuhan, China, and it was immediately identified as the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), spreading rapidly throughout China, and in more than 180 other countries and territories
This SARS-CoV-2 virus causes the disease declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) [1, 2, 3]
The present study aimed to present a reflection on the clinic of patients infected by COVID-19 and propose the main nursing diagnoses based on International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)©

Summary

Introduction

In December 2019, the first serious cases of pneumonia of unknown origin appeared in Wuhan, China, and it was immediately identified as the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), spreading rapidly throughout China, and in more than 180 other countries and territories. This SARS-CoV-2 virus causes the disease declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) [1, 2, 3]. Many of the patients of the outbreak in Wuhan, would have some labor relation with a large seafood market and animals such as camels, cattle, cats, and bats, suggesting the spread of animals to people. Faced with the evolution and spread of the disease around the world, WHO declared worldwide that COVID-19 constitutes a public health emergency of international interest and, for that, immediately adopted measures to control and flatten the disease growth curve around the world. through four strands of the front lines: the first is to prepare and be ready; the second, detect, prevent, and treat; third, reduce and suppress; and the fourth, innovate and improve [3, 6]

Objectives

Methods

Results