Abstract

The Journal of the Ceylon College of Physicians (JCCP) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published bi-annually by the Ceylon College of Physicians (CCP) in the last week of June and December.The objective of the Journal is to promote good clinical practice and influence policy making across the medical world through publication of original research and peer reviewed articles on current issues and to foster responsible and balanced debate on issues that affect medicine and health care in Sri Lanka. Contributions to the JCCP reflect its national and multidisciplinary readership and include current thinking across a range of medical specialties.

Highlights

  • An outbreak of pneumonia due to an unknown cause, originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, was first reported to the WHO Country Office, on 31st December 2019 by the Chinese Health Authority

  • A novel beta coronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing of the lower respiratory samples from patients with pneumonia[1] and subsequently named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

  • The disease was designated as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by WHO2

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Summary

Introduction

An outbreak of pneumonia due to an unknown cause, originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, was first reported to the WHO Country Office, on 31st December 2019 by the Chinese Health Authority. B lineage of beta-corona virus causes SARSCoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infections[3]. SARSCoV2 virus replication occurs in the upper respiratory tract and nasopharyngeal swab is shown to be positive up to 17 days and longer in COVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms[6]. Two main modes of person to person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. It may be aerosolized during certain medical procedures such as intubation or the use of nebulizers. There are reports of COVID-19 positive individuals who are asymptomatic or with mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, suggesting the potential for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic transmission. Review transmission has raised the possibility of propagation of infection by asymptomatic individuals[7,8]

Incubation period and epidemiological data
Risk factors
Case fatality rate
Clinical profile
Gastrointestinal manifestations
Neurological manifestations
Haematological manifestations
Thrombotic complications
Cutaneous manifestations
Findings
Conclusion
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