Abstract

目的 探讨急性局灶性细菌性肾炎(AFBN)的临床特点,以提高对本病的诊治水平。 方法 对首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2008年6月至2015年6月收治的16例AFBN患儿资料进行分析。患儿均为急性起病,病程2~23 d,平均7.8 d。患儿均无糖尿病、免疫缺陷或遗传代谢病等基础疾病。 结果 16例患儿病变位于单侧12例,其中右肾8例,左肾4例;双侧4例。尿培养阳性12例,其中大肠杆菌6例,肺炎克雷伯菌3例,不动杆菌2例,金黄色葡萄球菌1例;余4例尿培养阴性。14例增强CT和10例双肾磁共振成像(MRI)显示病变为尖端指向肾盂的楔形病灶。14例行排泄性膀胱尿道造影检查,发现膀胱输尿管反流6例,单侧4例,其中左侧3例(Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级1例),右侧1例(Ⅲ级);双侧2例,均为Ⅳ级。经抗生素治疗,1周内所有患儿体温恢复正常。抗生素疗程平均3周。膀胱输尿管反流者予预防性应用抗生素。在平均1.7年的随访期间,未见肾瘢痕形成。 结论 AFBN临床表现多不典型,影像学检查为本病的重要诊断方法。其影像学特点为患侧肾增大,病变呈楔形,增强CT扫描及MRI扫描显示病变敏感性高。推荐抗生素治疗疗程3周为宜。临床医师应注意对本病患儿长期随访,警惕肾瘢痕形成。

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