Clinical Characteristics and Segmental Qualities of Young Patients with Heart Failure in a Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Background: The prevalence and hospitalizations of patients with heart failure aged <55 years have increased. The study aims to evaluate the clinical traits and segmental qualities of young patients experiencing heart failure at a tertiary care center. Methods: This cross-sectional study design enrolled 83 individuals who had recently developed heart failure at a young age. The study encompassed individuals aged 18 to 55 years, from whom clinical indicators and potential risk elements were obtained followed by 2D transthoracic echocardiography performed as part of the routine assessment. Results: The study comprised of 83. The participants with a mean age of 51.5 ± 4.0 years. A significant proportion of the individuals were noted to have diabetes (65%), while 74.7% were identified with hypertension. A statistically significant association was noted between patients who had a prior history of Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and their probability of developing Heart failure (HF) (p-value = 0.02). The primary and the most prevalent cause of heart failure among these study participants was dilated cardiomyopathy. Patients with reduced Ejection fraction (EF) had a notably higher occurrence (68%) compared to mid-range EF (14%) and preserved EF (23%). Conclusion: The study comprised of involved individuals those belonging to the age group between 45-55 years, exhibited higher rates of hypertension and diabetes. Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) was dominant, wherein dilated cardiomyopathy invariably being the most common cause of heart failure in younger patients. Notably, a significant portion of these individuals had a past history of IHD, which contributed a substantial role in the development of HF