Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Herpes Zoster Laryngitis With Vocal Fold Immobility

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of herpes zoster laryngitis with vocal fold immobility. Study DesignRetrospective study MethodsClinical characteristics, laryngeal signs on strobolaryngoscopy, imaging examination findings, and outcomes of patients were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThis study included 17 patients (11 males [64.7%] and 6 females [35.3%]), with a mean age of 63.3±6.7 years. The primary symptoms were hoarseness (94.1%), dysphagia (76.5%), pharyngalgia on one side (76.5%), and aspiration (70.6%). No patient had skin herpes of the head and neck. The duration of symptoms was 5–30 days (median: 10 days). Twelve patients (70.6%) were in an immunocompromised state before the disease. Strobolaryngoscopy showed congestion and swelling of the mucosa on one side of the larynx, with whitish eruptions on the supraglottic mucosa and ipsilateral vocal fold immobility. Five patients (29.4%) exhibited signs of ipsilateral accessory nerve injury. The imaging examination showed supraglottic inflammatory changes in 12 patients (70.6%). Among the 14 patients whose treatment could be clearly described, only one patient received antiviral treatment, whereas others received neurotrophic and symptomatic treatment. Notably, all patients demonstrated good outcomes because their symptoms eventually returned to normal. ConclusionHerpes Zoster Laryngitis is caused by VZV infection of the vagus nerve. It is characterized by laryngeal herpetic changes on one side and unilateral vocal fold immobility. The inducement of the disease tends to be associated with the abnormal immune state of patients. It can be easily misdiagnosed because of the absence of skin herpetic changes. Regardless of antiviral therapy, patients generally exhibit a favorable outcome.