Clinical characteristics and presentation form in patients with venous thromboembolism and negative or weakly positive D-dimer

Abstract

IntroductionD-dimer has a high negative predictive value for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). However, VTE has been reported in the presence of normal D-dimer values. MethodsThis is a prospective observational study in patients with VTE from Hospital Gregorio Marañón between 2001–2022, comparing the characteristics of clinical presentation based on D-dimer levels (<500 ng/mL vs. ≥ 500 ng/mL). ResultsA total of 2582 patients were found, 333 patients (12.9%) presented negative or weakly positive D-dimer levels. They were significantly younger (57.9 vs. 65.3 years), with a lower prevalence of comorbidities (ischemic heart disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease), and a greater family history of VTE (8.4% vs. 5.2%) and thrombophilia (11.7% vs. 7.8%). They presented significantly less dyspnea (57.6% vs. 75.4%), syncope (3% vs. 13.5%), less thrombotic load, elevated NT-pro-BNP (22.0% vs. 48.2 %), and right ventricle dilatation (8.1% vs. 30.0%). ConclusionPatients with VTE and low D-dimer levels at diagnosis were younger, with milder clinical presentation and lower thrombotic load; but they presented a higher prevalence of thrombophilia and a family history of VTE.