Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients with history of heart failure: a propensity score-matched study

Abstract

Background Data on the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 disease among patients with a history of heart failure (HF) are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics, prognostic biomarkers and in-hospital outcomes of patients with a history of HF hospitalised with confirmed COVID-19. Methods A total of 8321 consecutive patients hospitalised with suspected COVID-19 disease were screened. Furthermore, 3849 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the study. Two hundred and forty COVID-19 patients with a history of HF and 240 without HF paired with PSM were evaluated. Results Mean age was 72.7 ± 9.90 years, and 64.6% were men. Oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at admission were significantly lower and heart rate was significantly higher in patients with a history of HF compared to those without. Patients with HF, compared to those without, had significantly higher leukocyte count, D-dimer, CRP, procalcitonin, hsTnI, lactate and lower albumin and lymphocyte. Compared with patients without HF, those with previous HF had a longer length of stay at ICU (6.22 d vs. 3.71 d; p < 0.001), increased risk of mechanical ventilation (42.1% vs. 15.4%; p < 0.001), in-hospital death (39.2% vs. 15.4%; p < 0.001) and composite outcomes (52.9% vs. 17.1%; p < 0.001). Conclusion History of HF is associated with a higher risk of mechanical ventilation, cardiogenic shock, mortality and longer ICU stay in patients hospitalised for COVID-19, therefore the diagnosis of HF alone is important for predicting clinical outcomes.