Clinical characteristics and causes of vision impairment in a paediatric population in a university-based low vision clinic

Abstract

Paediatric vision impairment is a significant public health issue because of the associated health and economic consequences. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and causes of vision impairment in paediatric patients who presented to a university-based low vision eye clinic in KwaZulu-Natal. The study used a retrospective design and included all paediatric patients with vision impairment who were younger than 18 years and presented to the university-based low vision eye clinic between January 2015 and December 2019. The sample consisted of 156 children with vision impairment with a similar proportion of males ( n = 82) and females ( n = 74). The mean age of the children was 13.5 ± 2.8 years, with a range of 5–17 years. Based on the best-corrected visual acuity (VA), most of the children ( n = 111) had moderate vision impairment (VA worse than 6/18 to 6/60). The most common causes of paediatric vision impairment included albinism ( n = 54), refractive error ( n = 11), cataract ( n = 10), and glaucoma ( n = 10). The retina ( n = 74) and normal globe ( n = 26) were the most affected anatomical sites. Spectacles were prescribed to almost half of the sample ( n = 76). A total of 126 optical and non-optical devices were recommended with telescopes ( n = 43) and sun-protective measures ( n = 20) being the most common. Paediatric vision impairment can have a negative impact on the quality of life. Local data related to the characteristics of children with vision impairment can be used to enhance the services provided in this university-based low vision clinic. This is important as efforts aimed at early identification, management, and rehabilitation will help minimise functional limitations and improve the quality of life of affected children.