CLINICAL CASE, RESECTION OF BONE METASTASIS IN THE OLECRANON, AFTER EXCISION OF RENAL CARCINOMA OF PRIMARY ORIGIN

Abstract

Introduction: Bone is a common site of metastasis, after cancer has spread to the bone, it can rarely be cured, however it can often be treated to stop its proliferation. Bone metastasis is much more common than primary bone cancers, particularly in adults. Objective: to describe the present clinical case objectively and to make an analysis of the subject. Methodology: an objective description of the clinical case and a review with analysis of a total of 17 articles, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 12 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant for this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: bone metastasis, bone tumor, oncologic surgery, renal carcinoma. Results: renal cell carcinoma represents about 2-3% of malignant neoplasms in adult individuals. Most of the cases occur between 50-70 years of age. One third of the tumors metastasize (synchronous metastases) and another third manifest themselves in the future (metachronous metastases), even up to 20 years after nephrectomy. In order of manifestation, the most common findings in renal cell carcinoma are: hematuria (59%), pain (41%), fever (7%), anemia (21%) and weight loss (33%). In order of involvement, renal cell carcinoma metastasizes to the lung (60%), bone (20%), liver (8%), adrenal glands and brain (5%), and other organs can also be affected. Conclusions: Bone is a common site of metastasis, being called metastasis the capacity of a tumor cell to move from the primary tumor and adhere to tissues of a distant organ by hematogenous, lymphatic or contiguous route. After the cancer has spread to the bones, it can rarely be cured, although it can often be treated to stop its proliferation. Bone metastases are now much more common than primary bone cancers, particularly in adults. The clinical management of metastatic bone disease in renal cell carcinoma deserves more attention than it has been given so far. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the management of affected individuals with bone metastases, and each patients case must be individualized, since not all affected individuals can undergo the same surgical procedure or treatment. Key words: metastasis, cancer, bone, tumor, renal carcinoma.