Clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolving profile of malignant hemopathies in adults at the central hospital of Yaounde

Abstract

Malignant hemopathies designate neoplasias of hematopoietic tissues, characterized by a disorder of the multiplication and differentiation of cells from one or more blood lines; Very few related studies are carried out in Africa due to diagnostic difficulties. We have carried out the present study to enrich the data on these pathologies. An analytical retrospective study was carried out in the hematology and medical oncology department of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé in Cameroon over 10 years, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017. A technical sheet in which the epidemiological variables were noted, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary has been developed. Of the 167 files selected, the average age of the patients was 52 years +/- 16, with extremes of 21 and 87 years. Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) was more common in patients aged 45 to 54 (8 cases) and the disease affected more women than men at this age group (1H / 7F). Lymphoproliferative syndromes were the most common group of malignant hemopathies, accounting for 52.7% (88 patients). Non hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were represented at all age groups with a male predominance. Patients with multiple myeloma clinically presented osteoarticular pain in 66.7% of cases. The chemotherapy protocols were varied according to the pathologies and their evolutionary stages. Toxic events were rare. Survival after one year was 9% for AML cases, 30% for CML cases. Few data being available on malignant hemopathies, this work allowed us to measure the importance of this group of pathologies in our context and to identify the clinical-biological profiles and the survival of the patients