Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides us with a non-invasive and efficient means of imaging anterior and posterior segment vasculature in the eye. OCTA has been shown to be effective in imaging diseases such as diabetic retinopathy; retinal vein occlusions; retinal artery occlusions; ocular ischemic syndrome; and neovascularization of the iris. It is especially useful with depth-resolved imaging of the superficial, intermediate, and deep capillary plexi in the retina, which enables us to study and closely monitor disease progression and response to treatment. With further advances in technology, OCTA has the potential to become a more widely used tool in the clinical setting and may even supersede ocular angiography in some areas.
Highlights
Optical coherence tomography technology has developed rapidly over the past decade [1].The advent of ocular coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in recent years has provided clinicians and scientists with a non-invasive and quick method of obtaining ocular angiographic images of vascular structures [2]
optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been widely employed in studying a host of posterior segment pathology such as diabetic retinopathy, retina vein occlusions, retina artery occlusions, choroidal neovascularization, and optic neuropathies [3,4]
This review will focus on the clinical applications of anterior and posterior segment OCTA in the diagnosis and disease monitoring of diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), retinal artery occlusion (RAO), and ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS)
Summary
Optical coherence tomography technology has developed rapidly over the past decade [1]. In comparison to conventional dye angiography such as fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICG), OCTA can simultaneously image both retinal and choroidal microvasculature and due to the depth resolution, the visualization of superficial, intermediate, and deep capillary networks can be distinguished and delineation of vascular lesions within the retinal layers can imaged in a three-dimensional manner [3,7]. ICG can be used to assess anterior segment vasculature and is effective where there is inadequate vessel delineation on slit lamp photography [11] Both of these methods are invasive, expensive, and time-consuming. Leakage of vascular lesions in conventional angiography may differ depending on the exact stage when the lesion is imaged This makes it challenging to quantify the actual vascular pathology during disease progression [7]. This review will focus on the clinical applications of anterior and posterior segment OCTA in the diagnosis and disease monitoring of diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), retinal artery occlusion (RAO), and ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS)
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