Abstract
We employed a hospital-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform to validate the role of real-time activities of daily living (ADL) measurement as a digital biomarker for cognitive impairment in a hospital setting. Observational study. 12 patients with dementia, 11 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 15 cognitively normal older adults. The results of 13 experimental ADL tasks were categorized into success or fail. The total number of successful task and the average success proportion of each group was calculated. Time to complete the total tasks was also measured. Patients with dementia, patients with MCI, and cognitively normal older adults performed 13 experimental ADL tasks in a hospital setting. Significant differences in the average success rate of 13 tasks were found among groups. Dementia group showed the lowest success proportion (49.3%) compared with MCI group (78.3%) and normal group (97.4%). Correlation between classical ADL scales and the number of completed ADL tasks was statistically significant. In particular, instrumental ADL (I-ADL) had stronger relationship with the number of completed ADL tasks than Barthel’s ADL (B-ADL). Dementia group required more time to accomplish the tasks when compared to MCI and normal groups. This study demonstrated that there is a clear relationship between the performance of experimental ADL tasks and the severity of cognitive impairment. The evaluation of ADLs involving the IoTs platform in an ecological setting allows accurate assessment and quantification of the patient’s functional level.
Highlights
We employed a hospital-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform to validate the role of real-time activities of daily living (ADL) measurement as a digital biomarker for cognitive impairment in a hospital setting
We explored the potential of the hospital-based IoT platform in assessing ADLs for clinical decision-making
The average success proportions of the normal control group, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group, and the dementia group were 97.4%, 78.3%, and 49.4%, respectively (95% confidence interval [CIcontrols] = 87.56%– 107.31, CIMCI = 66.79%–89.85%, CIdementia = 38.32%–60.40%; P < 0.001)
Summary
We employed a hospital-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform to validate the role of real-time activities of daily living (ADL) measurement as a digital biomarker for cognitive impairment in a hospital setting. 12 patients with dementia, 11 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 15 cognitively normal older adults. Patients with MCI, and cognitively normal older adults performed 13 experimental ADL tasks in a hospital setting. This study demonstrated that there is a clear relationship between the performance of experimental ADL tasks and the severity of cognitive impairment. Accomplishing routine ADLs requires several fundamental abilities: cognitive, motor, and perceptual abilities[1] Among these abilities, impairment in cognitive function hinders overall performance of ADLs of older adults, which could interrupt with their independent living[2]. Evaluating the decline in ADLs is crucial for cognitively impaired patients to enable assessment of their actual functional status and decide whether a patient would need assistance with daily tasks. Indicating that the indirect measurement using questionnaires has unequivocal limitations in that the subjective evaluation of ADLs is susceptible to bias and errors
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