Clinical application of exercise stress echocardiography: supine bicycle or treadmill?

Abstract

Although exercise stress echocardiography is currently used to evaluate coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, the best exercise methodology is still undefined. The objectives of the study were: (1) to compare supine bicycle stress echocardiography (SBSE) and treadmill in the evaluation of CAD; and (2) to define, in normal subjects, the different behavior of factors determining MVO 2 with treadmill and SBSE. We selected 10 male patients with CAD (group A), and 10 male control subjects (group B). Each patient underwent SBSE and treadmill testing in random order. We studied heart rate, systolic blood pressure, heart rate × systolic blood pressure, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes. In group A, we also studied wall motion score index (according to the American Society of Echocardiography) and in group B, systolic blood pressure/end-systolic volume index. The results were as follows: Group A: SBSE resulted in significantly lower work load, heart rate, and significantly higher systolic blood pressure, heart rate × systolic blood pressure, end-diastolic volume index, end-systolic volume index, and wall motion score index. SBSE showed wall motion abnormalities in each patient, whereas treadmill did not detect wall motion abnormalities in 4 patients (3 single-vessel; 1 multivessel); of the other 6 patients, 2 showed a lower wall motion score index and 4 did not show any difference in left ventricle kinetics with the 2 methodologies of exercise. Mean acquisition time for postexercise images was 72 ± 6 seconds. Group B: SBSE resulted in lower work load, heart rate, heart rate × systolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure/end-systolic volume index, and higher end-diastolic volume index and end-systolic volume index. Systolic blood pressure was similar with SBSE and treadmill testing. In conclusion, our experience suggests SBSE is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for evaluating CAD compared with treadmill testing; the maximum cardiovascular performance can be achieved with lower values of heart rate, suggesting the echo test is more feasible. Treadmill testing could lose important information about the existence, extension, and location of CAD; in contrast, SBSE detects even small, quickly reversible wall motion abnormalities.