Abstract
BackgroundSmoking is a well-established cardiac risk factor there is dearth of Local data regarding clinical and angiographic characteristics of smoker patients. ObjectivesThis study was planned to assess the differences in the clinical characteristics, angiographic characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes of smokers and nonsmokers after primary percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. MethodsWe included patients between 40 and 80 years of age diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention from July 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018. Clinical and angiographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were obtained from the cases submitted to the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's CathPCI (Catheterization–Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) Registry from our site. ResultsA total of 3,255 patients were included in this study. Smokers consist of 25.1% (817) of the total sample. A high majority of smokers were male, 98.8% (807), and smokers were relatively younger as compared to nonsmokers with a mean age of 52.89 ± 10.59 versus 55.98 ± 11.24 years; p < 0.001. Smokers had higher post-procedure TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade III: 97.8% (794) versus 95.53% (2,329); p = 0.037, and they had a relatively low mortality rate: 2.69% (22) versus 3.16% (77); p = 0.502. ConclusionsSmokers were predominantly male and around 3 years younger than nonsmokers. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were less common among smokers and single-vessel disease was the more common angiographic finding for smokers as compared to 3-vessel disease for nonsmokers. No statistically significant differences in in-hospital outcomes were observed. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in smokers despite younger age and the low atherosclerotic risk profile, in our region, emphasize the need for nicotine addiction management and smoking cessation campaigns at large and for pre-discharge counseling.
Highlights
Smoking is a well-established cardiac risk factor there is dearth of Local data regarding clinical and angiographic characteristics of smoker patients
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were less common among smokers and single-vessel disease was the more common angiographic finding for smokers as compared to 3-vessel disease for nonsmokers
Tobacco use is a well-established cardiac risk factor associated with a rising risk of cardiovascular death or acute coronary syndrome [2e4]
Summary
This study was planned to assess the differences in the clinical characteristics, angiographic characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes of smokers and nonsmokers after primary percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
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