Abstract
Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate possible malformations in the soft, bone and/or dental tissues in patients with congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) by clinical and x-ray evaluation.Methodology:Thirty children born with ZIKV and 30 children born without ZIKV (control group) were included in the study. Patients were evaluated over 24 consecutive months according to the variables: sex, age, cleft palates, soft tissue lesions, alveolar ridge hyperplasia, short labial and lingual frenums, inadequate posture of the lingual and perioral muscles at rest, micrognathia, narrow palatine vaults, changes in the teeth shape and/or number, sequence eruption, spasms, seizures and eruption delay were evaluated. Chi-square test, Student's t-test and nominal logistic regression were used (p<0.05).Results:Among the 30 babies examined, the mean age of the first dental eruption was 10.8±3.8 with almost two-thirds of the children (n=18, 60%) experiencing eruptions of their first tooth after 9 months of age, nine children (30%) had inadequate lingual posture at rest, more than half of the children (n=18, 60%) had short labial or lingual frenums. ZIKV babies showed a high prevalence of clef palate (p<0.001), inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.004), micrognathia (p=0.002), changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.006), alteration in sequence of dental eruption (p<0.001) and muscles spasms (p=0.002). The delay eruption was associated with inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.047), micrognathia (p=0.002) and changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.021). The delayed eruption (p=0.006) and narrow palatine vaults (p=0.008) were independently associated with ZIKV. Moreover, female patients showed the most narrow palatine vaults (p=0.010).Conclusions:The children with ZIKV showed a greater tendency to have delayed eruption of the first deciduous tooth, inadequate lingual posture and short labial and lingual frenums.
Highlights
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, was initially isolated from a rhesus monkey in the Zika forest in Uganda in 1947
Patients were evaluated over 24 consecutive months according to the variables: sex, age, cleft palates, soft tissue lesions, alveolar ridge hyperplasia, short labial and lingual frenums, inadequate posture of the lingual and perioral muscles at rest, micrognathia, narrow palatine vaults, changes in the teeth shape and/or number, sequence eruption, spasms, seizures and eruption delay were evaluated
Recent studies have shown that a strain of the Zika Virus (ZIKV), MR766, which is serially passed from monkey and mosquito cells, efficiently infects human neural progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Summary
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, was initially isolated from a rhesus monkey in the Zika forest in Uganda in 1947. In 2015, there was a dramatic increase in reports of ZIKV infection in the Americas. Brazil is the country most affected by this disease, with preliminary estimates of 440,000 to 1.3 million cases of autochthonous ZIKV infection reported through December 2015.1. The classic clinical picture of ZIKV infection resembles that of Dengue fever and Chikungunya. The direct cells targeted by ZIKV in the developing human fetus are not clear. Recent studies have shown that a strain of the ZIKV, MR766, which is serially passed from monkey and mosquito cells, efficiently infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.. Recent studies have shown that a strain of the ZIKV, MR766, which is serially passed from monkey and mosquito cells, efficiently infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. As the face is formed mainly by the first branchial arch, which is divided into maxillary and mandibular processes, some changes in the oral and craniofacial development can occur, because infections, as syphilis, are contracted by the mother during pregnancy.
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