Abstract
Aim:The study aimed to determine both macroscopic and microscopic changes in the reproductive organs of sterile cows.Materials and Methods:Careful clinical and gynecological examinations (using histological and histochemical methods) of organs of culled sterile cows, such as ovaries, oviducts, the uterus, pars anterior adenohypophysis, thyroid body, and adrenals, were performed.Results:It was found that 20% of the examined cows in the farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan had pathology of reproductive organs. Ovarian dysfunction was diagnosed in 31% of sterile cows. Histological and histochemical studies revealed that high atresia of all types of ovarian follicles is associated with hypofunction of the ovaries. This was related to stromal vascular dystrophy and was accompanied by atrophy of thecal endocrine elements, resulting in decrease of endocrine and generative function of ovaries.Conclusion:Essential elements of the ovarian dysfunction pathogenesis are disorders of the functional system “ovary-pituitary-adrenal-thyroid gland” and the abnormality of utero-ovarian relationships, which differ significantly during hypofunction, in case of follicular cysts, and in case of persistent corpora lutea. This difference in abnormalities of utero-ovarian relationships should be considered when developing diagnostic and treatment methods and determining preventive measures
Highlights
To intensify animal breeding, modern digital technologies should be implemented [1,2]
The results revealed following pathological changes in the ovaries of 6.02% cows and in the structures surrounding the ovaries of 5.21% cows: Follicular cysts (1.88%), corpora lutea cysts (2.51%), paraovarian cysts (0.72%), bursa oviduct cysts (0.18%), periovarial adhesions (0.27%), granulose cellular tumors (0.27%), and hemangioma (0.09%)
Analysis of the reproductive function of cows and the spread of ovarian diseases Health abnormalities were noted in 34% of cows imported to the Republic of Bashkortostan
Summary
Modern digital technologies should be implemented [1,2]. In the United States and several Western European countries, the annual rate of cow disposal, which results mostly due to cows’ sterility, is 34% [4]. The only method to compensate these losses is intensive introduction of first-calf heifers into seedstock herd; the quickest method is importing of bred heifers [5]. Bad welfare and exploitation of imported animals result in early culling of cows after two lactations [6] as well as inability to obtain healthy offspring from them for breeding, to increase productivity [7,8]. Sterility leads to economic losses and biological damage by reducing the cattle’s genetic potential [9,10]
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