Clinical and Polysomnographic Profile of Patients with Sleep Disordered Breathing in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder associated with various health complications, yet it often remains undiagnosed. Understanding its clinical and polysomnographic profiles is crucial for effective management. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, including demographic factors and comorbidities, of patients diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). To analyze the polysomnographic profiles of individuals with OSA, focusing on respiratory events, sleep architecture alterations, and cardio metabolic parameters, to provide insights into the severity and manifestations of the disorder. Methodology: Data were collected from patients who underwent Level 1 polysomnography at a Sleep Laboratory in Bangalore Medical College And Research Institute from January 2021 to September 2023. Clinical profiles and polysomnographic data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software. Results: The study included 112 patients with a median age of 52 years and a high median BMI of 33.29. Polysomnographic analysis revealed a mean AHI of 36.709, indicating severe OSA. Respiratory events during REM and NREM sleep showed variations in apnea and hypopnea occurrences. Cardio metabolic parameters indicated potential subclinical cardiac dysfunction and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrates a strong correlation between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular health, characterized by respiratory disturbances and obesity. Notably, elevated Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PASP) highlights the potential risk of pulmonary hypertension in this population, warranting close monitoring and targeted therapies. The findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary management approaches in addressing OSA and its associated health conditions to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.