Clinical and Pathological Study of the Rectal Mucosa in Cases of Bleeding Per Rectum

Abstract

Background: Rectum bleeding is a frequent general population problem. This may be a symptom of benign disease but also an indication of colorectal cancer. Most instances end spontaneously and self-limitingly. In 10% of patients, bleeding is continuous and immediate intervention is necessary. In another 5%, bleeding is intermittent and a diagnostic challenge may be necessary. Goal: This research assessed the rectal mucosa by means of a clinical examination and histopathologic assessment of individuals with bleeding per rectum to determine the proportion and the kind of pathology of the rectum caused by bleeding. Patients and procedures: A cross-sectional descriptive trial of 60 patients aged 18 years or older of both sexes who had complained of bleeding on rectum who visited university hospital Benha and the Benha Teaching Hospital's Department of General Chirurgy between December 2019 and June 2020 was performed. A research excluded patients with hemodynamic instability, acute bloody infectious diarrhoea, or any coagulopathy. After bowel preparation and results were recorded, each patient underwent fiberoptic colonoscopy. Specimens were also collected for histological evaluation, if required. Results: A total of 60 patients (32 males and 28 females) with an average age of 40.1 ± 5.5 years were enrolled. In the case study, the abdominal pains were 19 (31.6%), constipation 15 (25%), anal discomfort 24 (40%), and diarrhoea 11 (25%). (16.3 percent ). In 12 (20 percent) and abnormal results in 48 (80 percent) individuals, the colonoscopic test revealed normal rectal mucosa. Of the haemorrhoids, 17 (28.3 percent), 12 (20 percent) of Anal Fissure and 10 (16.6 percent), 8 (13.3 percent), 4 (6.6 percent) of Solitary Rectal Ulcer, 3 (5 percent), 3 (5 percent), 3(5 percent) of Fissure Hemorrhoids, 2 (3.3 percent) of Color Malignant, 1 (1) Polyp Hemorrhoids, 17 (29.25 percent) (1.6 percent). The most frequent findings of colonoscopic testing in our research were haemorrhoids. Conclusion: This research showed that bleeding via rectum in middle-aged men is frequent. Hemorrhoids are the most frequent cause of bleeding per rectum in our research. In the event of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, colonoscopy has been shown to be a useful diagnostic technique.