CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF DAMAGE TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AT THE INITIAL CLINICAL STAGES OF HIV-INFECTION

Abstract

The aim of the study – investigating the features of clinical symptoms in HIV-positive people in the early stages of the disease and their pathogenetic justification.
 The study used theoretical methods based on the analysis and synthesis of studying the information of the modern world from the PubMed and Scopus databases, clinical observations, as well as deductive-inductive methods.
 Conclusions. As a result of the war in Ukraine, the epidemiological control of infectious diseases on the territory of the country was violated. HIV-infection and the absence or atypicality of its clinical symptoms in infected patients deserve special attention, which is based on a detailed understanding of the pathological processes of neuroAIDS. Damage to astrocyte cells disrupts the connection of cells of the structural and functional complex of the brain with other cells and forms the fundamental basis for understanding clinical symptoms. Most often in the form of: neuropsychic, cognitive somatic and neurological disorders. The pathogenic effect of the virus contributes to spasm of cerebral microvessels, is the cause of local hypoxic lesions, microstrokes, and in late cases – lacunar cerebral infarcts. The active involvement of brain cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-infection has been confirmed by many studies. Along with standard diagnostic methods, it is advisable to use psychoneurological and cognitive tests and scales. 
 A number of shortcomings have been identified that can reduce the reliability of diagnostic studies when establishing a diagnosis. 
 Understanding the pathogenetic picture will allow choosing «indicators» for the general diagnostic scheme and increasing the probability of establishing the correct diagnosis, adjusting ART and predicting the further development of the disease.