Abstract
PurposeTo describe the multimodal imaging (MMI) features of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) in Indian population.MethodsPatients diagnosed to have SDD from January 2016 to December 2018 at our tertiary care center were recruited. The diagnosis of SDD was made on the basis of MMI consisting of a combination of color fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), red-free (RF) imaging, blue autofluorescence (BAF), and near-infra red reflectance (NIR) imaging. The morphological type and distribution of SDD and the associated retinal lesions were reviewed.Results Twenty-three patients with SDD were included. The mean age of the patients was 68.1 12.2 years. SDD were noted in 77.8% of eyes clinically (n = 35/45) and could be detected in 100% of these eyes with OCT. The morphology of SDD was nodular in 65.7% of eyes (n = 23/35), reticular in 5.7% (n = 2/35), and mixed pattern in the remaining cases. BAF and NIR showed hyporeflective nodular lesions often with a target configuration. The location was commonly in the perifoveal area, mostly involving the superotemporal quadrant (74.3%, n = 26/35). Associated retinal lesions were type-3 neovascularization or retinal angiomatous proliferation in 17.1% (n = 6/35), disciform scar in 11.4% (n = 4/35), type-1 neovascularization in 8.5% (n = 3/35), and geographic atrophy in 5.7% (n = 2/35) of eyes. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 186.2 57.8 µm.ConclusionSDD commonly have a nodular morphology and their identification often requires confirmations with OCT. Advanced age-related macular degeneration features are frequently present in eyes with SDD and the fellow eyes.
Highlights
This study aims to describe the demography, clinical characteristics, and multimodal imaging (MMI) features of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) in the Indian population
The diagnosis of SDD was made on the basis of MMI consisting of a combination of either color fundus photography (CFP), red-free fundus (RF) imaging, blue autofluorescence (BAF), near infra-red reflectance (NIR) imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Recognition of SDD/reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in AMD patients is important because it independently confers increased risk of developing the late stage of AMD.[9, 10]
Summary
Drusen associated with pigmentary changes are risk factors for late age-related macular Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits; Kumawat et al as reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) are a distinct entity.[4,5,6] These deposits occur in the subretinal space above the RPE and are seen predominantly in the perifoveal area. These may be seen in the mid-periphery of the retina. SDD have been found to be independent risk factors for late AMD.[9, 10] A strong association has been noted between these and type-3 intraretinal neovascularization,[11, 12] outer retinal atrophy,[13, 14] and combined outer retinal and RPE atrophy or geographic atrophy.[9, 10, 15]
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