Clinical and metabolic aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease depending on BMI

Abstract

At present, the issues of the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity, especially abdominal, as well as metabolic syndrome, which, in turn, significantly increases the cardiometabolic risk and affects the incidence, prognosis and life expectancy of patients, are quite well studied. And although the prevalence of various clinical forms of NAFLD is significantly higher in obese patients than in the general population, 7–20 % of people with NAFLD are estimated to have a lean body habit. At the same time, the rate of disease progression, associated conditions, anddiagnostic and management approaches differ for patients with NAFLD depending on body mass index (BMI), which reveals the need for clear guidance to clinicians regarding the NAFLD treatment depending on nutritional status. We performed a systematic review to summarize the clinical and metabolic aspects of NAFLD depending on nutritional status, as well as approaches to non-drug treatment through lifestyle changes. The fundamental clinical and functional, metabolic, hormonal and other factors of the pathological process that determine the mechanisms and prognosis of the disease in patients with NAFLD with different BMI are discussed. Information on the topic from publications based on the PubMed and RSCI databases was used.