Abstract
This study was designed to prepare and evaluate the specific Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) transfer factor (TF) from spleen cells of two lambs vaccinated subcutaneously S/C with BCG vaccine twice 2 weeks’ intervals, similarly one lamb injected with normal saline used as a donor of non-specific TF. The lambs were clinically examined at zero time and along 3 days post each immunization, then, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was checked post 4 weeks. TF was obtained from spleen cells of the lambs, inspected for sterility; safety.TF was evaluated in 4 groups (five in each) of lambs 3-4 months old. The first group (recipient) was injected S/C with 2 ml of specific BCG-TF, similarly the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were injected with non-specific TF, BCG and normal saline respectively. The clinical signs and DTH test were checked as described above, only the specific TF recipient and BCG vaccinated lambs gave a positive DTH test. The serum concentration of inerlukin-17 (IL-17), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) cytokines were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which revealed a highly significant increase in the TF recipient lambs in comparison with the control and vaccinated groups. It concluded that the prepared specific M. bovis-BCG transfer factor was effective to induce cell mediated immunity via DTH and increasing the serum concentration of cytokines in recipient lambs.
Highlights
Transfer factor, called dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) or ‘Lawrence transfer factor, firstly described in 1949 by Lawrence [1], it is very small molecular weight, that able to transfer cellular immune responses from a sensitized host to nonsensitized one, and protect them against pathogens, its immunological activity was evaluated against many bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal diseases [2]
The serum concentration of inerlukin-17 (IL-17), interferongamma (IFN-γ) and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) cytokines were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which revealed a highly significant increase in the transfer factor (TF) recipient lambs in comparison with the control and vaccinated groups
Clinical examination post immunization Prior to immunization, all lambs in the four groups, specific TF, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), non-specific TF and control showed normal clinical parameters Post immunization, only the BCG group revealed a significant increase at P≤0.05 in these parameters, the peaks of at 24 hours returned to normal ranges at 72 hours after immunization (Figures 1-3)
Summary
Called dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) or ‘Lawrence transfer factor, firstly described in 1949 by Lawrence [1], it is very small molecular weight (lower than 5,000 Daltons), that able to transfer cellular immune responses from a sensitized host (donor) to nonsensitized one (recipient), and protect them against pathogens, its immunological activity was evaluated against many bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal diseases [2]. Since cellular immunity is essential for controlling of infectious disease, autoimmune disorders, cancer, immunodeficiency and allergies, TF is an immune regulator which activates cellular immunity, stimulates cytokine synthesis and regulates immune function and can be applied for the treatment and prevention of these cases [5]. Cytokines are a low molecular weight regulatory peptide that participates in both types of immunity (innate and adaptive), which play a vital role in the infectious and chronic disease [7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
