Abstract
HIV-infection is a relevant issue of the modern healthcare system due to socio-medical and demographic significance. The problem of correlation between clinico-laboratory characteristics and immunological indexes in people living with HIV-infection and obtain ART remains relevant, and the solution may help to expand the knowledge about predictors of the disease in the future. The aim of our research was to analyze the clinical and immunological characteristics of HIV-infection in dynamics against the background of ART considering the initial level of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Patients and methods. We conducted a cohort study of 181 people living with HIV-infection – 127 male and 54 female patients, aged from 21 to 55 years (the average age 34.6±0.6 years), who underwent dispensary observation at Poltava Regional HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Center during 2003-2017, for the purpose of evaluation of clinical and immunological characteristics of HIV-infection in dynamics against the background of ART. Results of the research and their discussion. We found that among people living with HIV, young people (90.0%) predominated; among them – males (70.2%); patients who injected drugs at the time of referral to medical care (49.2%); with bad habits (smoking – 49.2%, alcohol abuse – 14.4%) and had experience of incarceration (26.5%). They were diagnosed with opportunistic infections inherent to III and IV clinical stages of HIV-infection, including bacterial (37.0%), fungal (44.2%), viral (35.4%) and parasitic (6.6%) infections. Moreover, 24 (13.3%) patients developed the CD4+ T lymphocytes level ≥350 cells/µl. Examination of HIV-infected patients in dynamics showed that there was a clinical progression of HIV-infection against the background of ART background in 72 (39.8%) out of 181 patients, 21 of them (30%) with CD4+ T lymphocytes ≥350 cells/μl.
Highlights
HIV-infection is a relevant problem of the modern healthcare system due to socio-medical and demographic significance
Among people living with HIV, young people (90.0%), males (70.2%), patients who injected drugs at the time of seeking medical care (49.2%), with bad habits and had experience of incarceration (26.5%) were the most prevalent
They were diagnosed with opportunistic infections inherent to III and IV clinical stages of HIV-infection, including bacterial (37.0%), fungal (44.2%), viral (35.4%) and parasitic (6.6%) infections
Summary
HIV-infection is a relevant problem of the modern healthcare system due to socio-medical and demographic significance. According to the latest data, about 37 billion people around the world live with HIV-infection [1, 2]. The epidemics of HIV-infection is characterized by its extraordinary dynamics, and by a high resistance to countermeasures because of late referral for medical care with the presence of serious opportunistic infections and advanced immunosuppression [3, 4]; refusal from dispensary observation; low adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) [5]. Efficient ART contributes to the significant reduction of morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected people. The treatment is accessible, opportunistic infections are the main cause of hospitalization and mortality among people living with HIV-infection.
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