Abstract
Heart–hand syndrome (HHS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by the co-occurrence of a congenital cardiac disease and an upper limb malformation. This study revealed the clinical and epidemiological features of HHS in China. The study was based on patients with congenital upper limb malformation treated in Beijing Ji Shui Tan hospital from October 1st, 2013 to October 1st, 2016. We reviewed the patients’ medical records and identified patients with abnormal ultrasonic cardiogram and/or electrocardiogram (ECG). A total of 1462 patients (910 male and 552 female) were identified to be treated for congenital upper limb malformation. Among them, 172 (11.8%) had abnormal ultrasonic cardiogram and/or ECG. Abnormal heart structure were discovered in 121 patients and 51 patients had abnormal ECG. The most common type of abnormal heart structure was tricuspid regurgitation (53/121, 43.8%), while the most common abnormal ECG was wave patterns (22/51, 43.1%). This hospital-based study suggests that the rate of congenital heart disease is high in patients treated for congenital upper extremity malformation in China. Surgeons and anesthetists should be aware of the comorbidity and preoperational examination of congenital heart diseases is highly needed to avoid complications during operation.
Highlights
Heart–hand syndrome (HHS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by the co-occurrence of a congenital cardiac disease and an upper limb malformation
% p value 1.44 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.26 3.92 0.39 0.00 0.39 0.52 1.05 0.78 0.13 0.00 0.001. In this hospital-based study in China, we reviewed the medical records of a total of 1462 patients with congenital upper extremity malformations, and found that around 12% of them presented with congenital heart disease, which met the clinical diagnosis criteria of HHS
The rate of and the type of congenital heart diseases varied by different types of upper limb malformations
Summary
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee at Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. All the patients treated for congenital upper extremity malformation in Hand Surgery Department of Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital between October 1st, 2013 and October 1st, 2016 were included in this study. We reviewed the medical records and checked the results of ultrasonic cardiogram and electrocardiogram (ECG). Patients with abnormal ultrasonic cardiogram and/or abnormal ECG were identified and met the criteria of clinical HHS
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