Abstract
Nowadays, HIV infections and AIDS cases are on the increase in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. The associated risk factors for developing AIDS have been: Alcoholism, drug use, malnutrition, comorbidities and semi-illiteracy. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of new cases of HIV/AIDS and to look for the possible factors associated with AIDS in patients treated at a tertiary hospital in Mexico City. A descriptive, retrospective study conducted from 2011 to 2016 that included new cases of HIV/AIDS in patients that were admitted for the first time to a third-level medical unit in Mexico City. In all cases, Enzyme-Linked Immunoenzymatic Assays were performed (EIA), Western Blot test, viral load, CD4 lymphocyte count, viral panel for Hepatitis B, C, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and other viruses were investigated. The male gender was the predominant with 87.5%, the average age was 32.3 years and most of them just have the basic education. Regarding sexual preference, 60% fall into the category of men who have sex with men. Some of the identified risk factors associated with AIDS include: Co-infection with (HSV) and tuberculosis (RMP 4.61 and 2.24, respectively), patients with antiretroviral treatment initiation (RMP 1.41) and viral load with more than 100,000 copies (RMP 3.18). Risk factors associated with AIDS that are found in the population studied include: Coinfection and educational level which are similar to that reported in several studies, although, it is not applicable to the rest of the factors found. The timely identification of this disease is of great importance to avoid, as much as possible, its advancement to the stage of AIDS, with the intention of avoiding complications, reducing mortality and reducing the high costs that this pathology generates.
Highlights
Throughout the history of humanity, diseases have played a special role in the development of societies
The authors during the period of this study identified that there were 1,432 patients diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), predominantly male with 87.5%
For the group of patients studied during the six-year period, it was found that the risk factors for AIDS in this group were coinfection with (HSV) and tuberculosis, not receiving antiretroviral treatment and having a viral load with more than 100,000 copies
Summary
Throughout the history of humanity, diseases have played a special role in the development of societies. The epidemy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) began in Latin America and the Caribbean at different times. AIDS, one of the most recently described diseases, has undoubtedly had a great impact on modern life. Prior to this time, it was observed that the cause of this epidemic was determined by some biological, social and behavioral factors. The majority of HIV infections and AIDS cases are occurring in regions with low human development index: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. The prevalence of HIV infection is unevenly distributed all over the world: While the highest estimated prevalence among adults was recorded in Sub-Saharan Africa (7.4%), Western Asia and the Pacific have an estimated prevalence of 0.05%; Latin America has 0.5% and the Caribbean has 1.9% of prevalence. In Central America and the Caribbean, it occurs mainly in heterosexuals, while in Argentina and Brazil, there is a growing proportion of cases among intravenous drug users (Astarloa et al, 1998)
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