Clinical and economic outcomes associated with intravenous albumin fluid use in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives This study was undertaken to evaluate the prescribing practice of albumin in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to compare the clinical and economic outcomes associated with intravenous (IV) albumin compared to crystalloids in the ICU. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of ICU adult patients admitted to King Abdullah University Hospital during 2018–2019. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and admission charges were retrieved from medical records and billing system. Survival analysis, multivariable regression models, and propensity score matching estimator were performed to evaluate the impact of IV resuscitation fluid types on the clinical and economic outcomes. Results Albumin administration in the ICU was associated with significantly lower hazards of ICU death (HR = 0.57; P value <0.001), but without improving overall death probability compared to crystalloids. Albumin was associated with significant prolongation in the ICU length of stay (5.86 days; P value <0.001). Only 88 patients (24.3%) were prescribed albumin for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications. Admission charges were significantly higher for patients treated with albumin (p value <0.001). Conclusions IV Albumin use in the ICU was not associated with significant improvement in clinical outcomes, but with a remarkable increase in economic burden. The majority of patients received albumin for non-FDA-approved indications.