Clinical and Echocardiographic Impact in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Closure of Paravalvular Leaks

Abstract

Background: The development of paravalvular leaks after surgical valve replacement is a rare complication but with high morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous closure is an alternative to surgery in high-risk surgical patients. However, as it is sporadically performed due to its complexity, there is limited information on its effectiveness and safety. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the mid-term effectiveness and safety of the procedure and to report the techniques employed. Methods: Both in-hospital and mid-term clinical and echocardiographic evolution and procedural complications of all patients undergoing percutaneous leak closure were analyzed. Results: Percutaneous closure of 13 leaks (6 aortic and 7 mitral) was performed in 9 patients. Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases, with a marked improvement in functional class and laboratory parameters. Paravalvular regurgitation assessed by Doppler echocardiography was minimal or mild after the procedure as well as during mid-term follow-up. In the long-term follow-up (22 months, interquartile range: 3-44), all patients survived with no major events and good functional class. Two patients operated-on via transapical access, required red cell transfusion after the procedure, with favorable outcome. Conclusions: Percutaneous closure of paravalvular leaks is a safe and efficient procedure, enabling a substantial improvement of functional class. This treatment should be considered an option for high-risk surgical patients.