Abstract
This study analyses long-term trends in temperature and wind climatology based on ERA5 data. We study climatology and trends separately for every decade from 1980 to 2020 and their changes during this period. This study is focused on the pressure levels between 100–1 hPa, which essentially covers the whole stratosphere. We also analyze the impact of the sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). This helps us to find details of climatology and trend behavior in the stratosphere in connection to these phenomena. ERA5 is one of the newest reanalysis, which is widely used for the middle atmosphere. We identify the largest differences which occur between 1990–2000 and 2000–2010 in both temperature climatology and trends. We suggest that these differences could relate to the different occurrence frequency of SSWs in 1990–2000 versus 2000–2010.
Highlights
This study analyses long-term trends in temperature and wind climatology based on ERA5 data
Temperature climatology and trend from ERA5 reanalysis is compared with MERRA2 for the period 1980–2020
If we look at the trend comparison, the biggest differences can be found for 1 hPa, but for the lower pressure levels the main features are similar even when the amplitude is different
Summary
This study analyses long-term trends in temperature and wind climatology based on ERA5 data. We analyze the impact of the sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasibiennial oscillation (QBO). This helps us to find details of climatology and trend behavior in the stratosphere in connection to these phenomena. Temperature trends in the lower stratosphere are affected substantially by the ozone depletion and its potential recovery They may be affected by many phenomena such as NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), SSW (sudden stratospheric warming) or the presence of aerosols from volcanic activity. The temperature changes in the higher parts of the middle atmosphere are discussed in more detail in many studies, e.g., [4,5], confirming the cooling of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
