Abstract
Long-term (45 years) diversified surface meteorological records from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), India, were collected and analysed to study the long-term changes in the overall climatology, climatology pertained to a particular observational time, mean daily climatology in temperature, inter-annual variability in temperature, interannual variability in surface pressure, and rainfall for the main Indian seasons—South West and North East monsoons and inter-annual mean monthly anomaly structure in temperature. Results on various analyses show strong and vivid features contributed by climate change for this South Peninsular Indian Arabian Sea Coastal Station, and this paper may be a first time venture which discusses climate change imparted perturbations in several meteorological parameters in different time domains, like a specific time, daily, monthly, and interannually over a station. Being a coastal rocket launching station, climatic change information is crucial for long-term planning of its facilities as well as for various rocket range operational demands.
Highlights
Climate change refers to a statistically strong and significant variation in either the average state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period, typically in decades or longer
The observations among maximum and minimum temperature climatology derived in past data and present data along with Δ values can infer that the minimum daily temperatures have generally increased at a larger rate than the maximum daily temperatures
Long-term surface meteorological records from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) were collected and analysed to study the long-term changes in overall climatology, climatology pertained to a particular time of observation, mean daily climatology in temperature, interannual variability in temperature, interannual variability in SW and NE monsoon rainfall, and mean monthly anomaly structure in temperature
Summary
Climate change refers to a statistically strong and significant variation in either the average state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period, typically in decades or longer. Features on surface climate change over Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), a coastal station near the South tip of Peninsular India, are critically examined. Dash et al [21] reported the decreasing frequency of monsoon depressions over the Indian region, and Krishnakumar et al [22] have analysed significant decrease in South West monsoon rainfall while increase in post monsoon season over the whole Kerala State ( a meteorological subdivision), India. From the voluminous data bank, the present study analyses daily, monthly, seasonal, and interannual variability on different meteorological parameters based on both eye reading instruments and non-instrumental practices in cloud and visibility observations as per World Meteorological Organization (WMO) practices. The present work examines the imprints made by the climatic change on several meteorological parameters in different time domains, like a specific time, daily, monthly, and interannually unlike the climate change associated variations on a single meteorological parameter like temperature or rainfall alone have dealt in most of the climatic change studies
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