Climatic variability over the last 3000 years in the central - western Mediterranean Sea (Menorca Basin) detected by planktonic foraminifera and stable isotope records

G Margaritelli,I Cacho,F Lirer,M Cisneros,L Capotondi,R Rettori,M Vallefuoco

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.07.012

Abstract

Abstract The climate evolution of the last 2700 years in the central - western Mediterranean Sea has been reconstructed from marine sediment records by integrating planktonic foraminifera and geochemical signals. The results provide the characterization of six climatic phases: Balearic Bronze Age (BA), Roman Period (RP), Dark Age (DA), Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Little Ice Age (LIA) and Industrial Period (IP). Paleoclimatic curve inferred from planktonic foraminifera associated with heavy values in δ18O Globigerinoides ruber during the BA document two cold intervals (spanning ca. 200 years) related to the Homeric and Greek solar minima. The dominance of Turborotalita quinqueloba –Globigerinita glutinata gr. and Globigerina bulloides during the RP suggest high fertility surface waters condition probably triggered by the increase in precipitation. During the DA, changes in the foraminiferal paleoclimate curve and oxygen isotope values display a cold –dry phase from 700 CE to the end of the DA (ca. 850 CE). This phase corresponds to the cold Roman IV solar minimum and marks the beginning of a long - term cooling interval that terminates during the LIA. The MCA is characterized by mild climatic conditions, interrupted at ca. 1050 CE by a cold - dry event. The gradually increase in abundance of G. ruber white characterize the IP warm period. The reconstructed climate evolution in the Balearic Basin results almost time - equivalent with the Mediterranean climate variability over the last 2700 years.

Highlights

The study of last three millennia climate variability are crucial to distinguish anthropogenic from natural forcing and to provide information for medium and long - term prediction models
OG. ruber and OG. bulloides records show a similar pattern over the last 2350 yrs; the only opposite pattern are detected at ca. 1050 Common Era (CE) and in the uppermost last 200 yrs (Fig. 2)
OG. bulloides signal at ca. 50 CE displays a shift vs lower values (Fig. 2)

Summary

Introduction

The study of last three millennia climate variability are crucial to distinguish anthropogenic from natural forcing and to provide information for medium and long - term prediction models. These reconstructions can be obtained using high-quality datasets of proxies measured from different natural archives. This background condition provides important information allowing to document considerable climate oscillations that played an important role in social reorganizations in Europe. Most of the current high-resolution studies are still limited to continental shelf areas (e.g., Oldfield et al, 2003; Piva et al, 2008; Lirer et al, 2014; Grauel et al, 2013; Di Bella et al., 2014; Jalali et al, 2015; Taricco et al, 2015; Bonomo et al, 2016; Margaritelli et al, 2016; Sicre et al., 2016; Di Rita et al, 2018) and, in contrast, little is know about deep marine records (Nieto-Moreno et al, 2011; 2013a, 2013b; Cisneros et al, 2016; Gogou et al, 2016)

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Discussion

Conclusion