Abstract
The two species groups of ground cricket previously known as P. taprobanensis and P. fascipes are widely distributed from the tropical to temperate regions of East Asia. In the Japanese Islands they show parallel variations along a latitudinal gradient in both developmental and morphometric traits. The ovipositor length varies continuously from 44 to 28°N, but this cline is disrupted by an abrupt shortening farther south. The disruption is associated with changes in the life cycle from the presence to virtual absence of egg diapause and from a short-day to long-day type of nymphal photoperiodic response. It is inferred that the two different types of life cycle were selected for in the temperate and subtropical climates, respectively, and that this differential selection resulted in speciation. Since climatic adaptation seems to be the primary factor involved, this sort of divergence may be called “climatic speciation”.
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