CLIMATIC AND PHENOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MODERN WARMING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (A CASE STUDY OF IZHEVSK)

Abstract

The article presents the results of the assessment of the dynamics of climatic and phenological indicators from the point of view of the processes of modern climate warming in the territory of Izhevsk (Udmurt Republic). It is established that the pronounced warming trend has been manifested since 1988, taking an unambiguous character since the 2000s. Relative to the base period of 1961-1990, the average annual air temperature in Izhevsk increased from 2.5 °C to 3.3 °C for the climatic period of 1991-2020. The main increase in temperatures can be traced in the cold season, in the winter months, at the beginning of the calendar spring and in the second half of autumn. According to the data presented, the duration of the periods with temperatures of 0, 5 and 10 °C changed upwards by 12, 12 and 6 days, respectively. The average long-term sum of active temperatures above 10 °C for the period 1991-2020 was 2160.9 °C, corresponding to the values of the indicator of the biological efficiency of the climate in the area of the ecological optimum of the functioning of zonal landscapes of the temperate zone. When comparing the current timing of the onset of phenological phenomena in Izhevsk with the period of the 50s-70s of the XX century, their advance by 4-10 days for the spring and summer seasons and a delay of 9-10 days in autumn-winter conditions was established. This affected the change in the length of the seasons with an increase in spring, summer and autumn by 1, 10 and 6 days, respectively, and a shortening of winter by 17 days.